Ottomansk ordlista
Ottoman (möbel) – ursprungligen en låg osmansk vilsoffa utan rygg- eller sidostöd, senare allmänt en låg och mjuk soffa ofta med lösa ryggdynor och kuddar. Ottoman (tyg) – textil av ylle eller sidentyg med upphöjda tvärränder (tvärrips) Det här är en förgreningssida, som består av en lista på olika betydelser hos artikelnamnet. Ottoman Turkish Ottoman Turkish : لِسانِ عُثمانی , romanized : Lisân-ı Osmânî , Turkish pronunciation: [liˈsaːnɯ osˈmaːniː] ; Turkish : Osmanlı Türkçesi was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire 14th to 20th centuries CE.
It borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian. It was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. More generically, the Turkish language was called تركچه Türkçe or تركی Türkî "Turkish". Ottoman Turkish was highly influenced by Arabic and Persian. The conservation of archaic phonological features of the Arabic borrowings furthermore suggests that Arabic-incorporated Persian was absorbed into pre-Ottoman Turkic at an early stage, when the speakers were still located to the north-east of Persia , prior to the westward migration of the Islamic Turkic tribes.
An additional argument for this is that Ottoman Turkish shares the Persian character of its Arabic borrowings with other Turkic languages that had even less interaction with Arabic, such as Tatar , Bashkir , and Uyghur. From the early ages of the Ottoman Empire, borrowings from Arabic and Persian were so abundant that original Turkish words were hard to find. A person would use each of the varieties above for different purposes, with the fasih variant being the most heavily suffused with Arabic and Persian words and kaba the least.
For example, a scribe would use the Arabic asel عسل to refer to honey when writing a document but would use the native Turkish word bal when buying it. In , following the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey , widespread language reforms a part in the greater framework of Atatürk's Reforms instituted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the replacement of many Persian and Arabic origin loanwords in the language with their Turkish equivalents.
Det osmanske riket
One of the main supporters of the reform was the Turkish nationalist Ziya Gökalp. The changes were meant to encourage the growth of a new variety of written Turkish that more closely reflected the spoken vernacular and to foster a new variety of spoken Turkish that reinforced Turkey's new national identity as being a post-Ottoman state. See the list of replaced loanwords in Turkish for more examples of Ottoman Turkish words and their modern Turkish counterparts.
Two examples of Arabic and two of Persian loanwords are found below. Historically speaking, Ottoman Turkish is the predecessor of modern Turkish. However, the standard Turkish of today is essentially Türkiye Türkçesi Turkish of Turkey as written in the Latin alphabet and with an abundance of neologisms added, which means there are now far fewer loan words from other languages, and Ottoman Turkish was not instantly transformed into the Turkish of today.
At first, it was only the script that was changed, and while some households continued to use the Arabic system in private, most of the Turkish population was illiterate at the time, making the switch to the Latin alphabet much easier. Then, loan words were taken out, and new words fitting the growing amount of technology were introduced. Until the s, Ottoman Turkish was at least partially intelligible with the Turkish of that day.
One major difference between Ottoman Turkish and modern Turkish is the latter's abandonment of compound word formation according to Arabic and Persian grammar rules. The usage of such phrases still exists in modern Turkish but only to a very limited extent and usually in specialist contexts ; for example, the Persian genitive construction takdîr-i ilâhî which reads literally as "the preordaining of the divine" and translates as "divine dispensation" or "destiny" is used, as opposed to the normative modern Turkish construction, ilâhî takdîr literally, "divine preordaining".
In , Turkey's Education Council decided that Ottoman Turkish should be taught in Islamic high schools and as an elective in other schools, a decision backed by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , who said the language should be taught in schools so younger generations do not lose touch with their cultural heritage. The transliteration system of the İslâm Ansiklopedisi has become a de facto standard in Oriental studies for the transliteration of Ottoman Turkish texts.
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In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wiktionary Wikidata item. Standardized register of Turkish in the Ottoman Empire. For other uses, see Ottoman Turkish disambiguation.
Ottoman Turkish written in Nastaliq style لسان عثمانی. Language family. Old Anatolian Turkish. Writing system. Linguist List. The Ottoman Empire was at its peak, Ottoman Turkish culture including the language also developed in the conquered areas. This article contains Ottoman Turkish text , written from right to left with some Arabic letters and additional symbols joined. Without proper rendering support , you may see unjoined letters or other symbols.
Grammar [ edit ]. Cases [ edit ]. Verbs [ edit ].